Mildly Toxic Plants

Absinth wormwood

Artemisia absinthium L.

Moderate

African fig tree

Ficus cyathistipula Warb.

Low

African plantain

Plantago afra L. (synonyms: Psyllium afrum (L.) Mirb., Plantago psyllium L.)

Low

Agave

Agave americana L.

Low

Alfalfa

Medicago sativa L.

Non-toxic

Aloe

Aloe vera

Low

Alpine aster

Aster alpinus L.

Non-toxic

Alpine delphinium

Delphinium elatum L.

Moderate

Alpine squill

Scilla bifolia L.

Low

American pokeweed

Phytolacca americana L.; Phytolacca decandra L.

Moderate

Anthurium

Anthurium andreanum Linden ex Andre

Moderate

Apricot

Prunus armeniaca

Low

Arabica Coffee

Coffea arabica L.

Low

Arnica

Arnica montana L.

Low

Ash (Common European Ash)

Fraxinus excelsior L.

Moderate

Australia Umbrella Tree

Schefflera actinophylla (Endl.) Harms, syn. Brassaia actinophylla Endl.

Low

Australian Silky Oak

Grevillea robusta A.Cunn. ex R.Br.

Low

Avocado

Persea americana

Non-toxic

Banks's Grevillea

Grevillea banksii R.Br.

Low

Basket plant

Callisia fragrans (Lindl.) Woodson

Low

Basket willow

Salix viminalis L.

Low

Bearded darnel

Lolium temulentum L.

Moderate

Beets

Beta vulgaris

Low

Bergamot Orange

Citrus Aurantium

Low

Bigleaf hydrangea

Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser.; Hortensia opuloides Lam.; Hydrangea hortensia Siebold; Hydrangea macrophylla subsp. macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser.; Hydrangea opuloides (Lam.) K. Koch; Viburnum macrophyllum Thunb.

Low

Bird's Tongue Flower

Strelitzia reginae

Low

Black cohosh

Actaea racemosa L.; Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt.

Low

Black locust

Robinia pseudoacacia L.

Moderate

Black medic

Medicago lupulina L.

Non-toxic

Blackthorn

Prunus spinosa L.

Low

Blond Psyllium

Plantago ovata Forssk.; Plantago fastigiata E. Morris; Plantago insularis Eastw.; Plantago ispaghula Roxb. ex Fleming

Low

Boat-lily

Tradescantia spathacea Sw.

Low

Boldo

Peumus boldus Molina

Low

Boston Ivy

Parthenocissus tricuspidata (Siebold & Zucc.) Planch.; Parthenocissus veitchii (Carrière) Graebn.

Low

Brazilian jasmine

Mandevilla sanderi (Hemsl.) Woodson

Low

Broad bean

Vicia faba L.; Faba vulgaris Moench

Low

Broad-leaved dock

Rumex obtusifolius L.

Low

Broom

Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link

Moderate

Buckwheat

Fagopyrum esculentum Moench; Polygonum fagopyrum L.

Non-toxic

Butterfly Iris

Iris spuria

Low

Canada goldenrod

Solidago canadensis L.

Non-toxic

Caraway

Carum carvi

Non-toxic

Carrot Flower

Daucus carota var. sativa

Low

Catnip

Nepeta cataria

Non-toxic

Catsear

Hypochaeris radicata

Non-toxic

Chinese Evergreen

Aglaonema commutatum Schott.; Aglaonema modestum Schott ex Engl.

Moderate

Chinese Evergreen

Aglaonema modestum

Low

Chinese peony

Paeonia lactiflora Pall.; Paeonia albiflora Pall.; Paeonia edulis Salisb.

Low

Chives

Allium schoenoprasum

Low

Choke Cherry

Prunus virginiana

Low

Cineraria

Pericallis x hybrida (Scheidw.) B.Nord.

Moderate

Clusia Rosea

Clusia major

Non-toxic

Clustered Dock

Rumex conglomeratus Murray

Low

Coltsfoot

Tussilago farfara L.

Low

Common Bilberry

Vaccinium myrtillus L.

Non-toxic

Common Fig

Ficus carica L.; Ficus caprificus Risso

Low

Common Hogweed

Heracleum sphondylium L.s.l.

Moderate

Common Lilac

Syringa vulgaris L.

Low

Common Privet

Ligustrum vulgare

Low

Common Snowberry

Symphoricarpos albus (L.) S.F.Blake

Moderate

Common Snowdrop

Galanthus nivalis L.

Moderate

Common Walnut

Juglans regia L.

Low

Common Waxflower

Hoya australis R.Br. ex J.Traill

Low

Common barberry

Berberis vulgaris L.

Low

Common beech

Fagus sylvatica L.

Low

Common comfrey

Symphytum officinale L.

Low

Common heather

Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull (syn. Erica vulgaris L.)

Low

Common milkweed

Asclepias syriaca L.; Asclepias cornuti Decne.

Low

Common sorrel

Rumex acetosa L.

Low

Common winterberry

Ilex verticillata (L.) A.Gray

Low

Coontie Palm

Zamia pumila

Low

Cornstalk Plant

Dracaena fragrans

Low

Creeping Fig

Ficus pumila L.

Low

Creeping Spiderwort

Commelina diffusa Burm.f.

Low

Curly Dock

Rumex crispus L.

Low

Cylindrical snake plant

Sansevieria cylindrica Bojer ex Hook.

Low

Daphne willow

Salix daphnoides Vill.

Low

Dog's mercury

Mercurialis perennis L.

Low

Douglas fir

Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco (syn. Pseudotsuga taxiolia Britton, Pseudotsuga douglasii (Sabine ex D. Don) Carriere)

Low

Dwarf Elder

Sambucus ebulus L.

Moderate

Dwarf umbrella tree

Schefflera arboricola (Hayata) Merr.

Low

Eggplant

Solanum melongena L.

Non-toxic

European Bittersweet

Solanum dulcamara

Low

European Holly

Ilex aquifolium

Low

European columbine

Aquilegia vulgaris L.

Low

European peony

Paeonia officinalis L.; Paeonia femina Deesf.; Paeonia peregrina Koch.

Low

False aralia

Plerandra elegantissima (Veitch ex Masters ) Lowry G.M.Plunkett & Frodin

Low

False rhubarb

Rheum rhaponticum L.

Low

Fern Palm

Zamia spp.

Low

Feverfew

Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz Bip.

Low

Fiddle-leaf fig

Ficus lyrata Warb.

Low

Field Pennycress

Thlaspi arvense

Low

Field Poppy

Papaver rhoeas L.

Low

Flaming Katy

Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Poelln.; Kalanchoe globulifera H. Perrier var. coccinea H. Perrier

Low

Garden asparagus

Asparagus officinalis L.; Asparagus caspius Hohen.; Asparagus longifolius Fisch. ex Steud.; Asparagus polyphyllus Steven ex Ledeb.

Non-toxic

Gardenia

Gardenia jasminoides

Low

Garlic

Allium sativum

Low

German primrose

Primula obconica Hance

Low

Giant hogweed

Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier

Moderate

Giant yucca, Spineless yucca

Yucca guatemalensis Baker

Low

Goat willow

Salix caprea L.

Low

Gold Dust Dracaena

Dracaena surculosa

Low

Gold moss

Sedum acre L.

Low

Goldband Lily

Lilium auratum Lindl.

Non-toxic

Golden trumpet

Allamanda cathartica L. (syn. Allamanda hendersonii W. Bull ex Dombrain, Allamanda nobilis T. Moore)

Low

Grape vine

Vitis vinifera L.

Non-toxic

Grass pea

Lathyrus sativus L.

Low

Greater Plantain

Plantago major L. (synonyms: Plantago major subsp. intermedia, Plantago intermedia, Plantago nana)

Low

Greater yellow rattle

Rhinanthus alectorolophus (Scop.) Pollich

Low

Greater yellow-rattle

Rhinanthus angustifolius C.C.Gmel.

Low

Grey willow

Salix cinerea L.

Low

Ground ivy

Glechoma hederacea L.s.l.

Not provided

Guelder Rose

Viburnum opulus L.

Moderate

Hardy kiwifruit

Actinidia arguta (Sieb. & Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq.

Low

Heartleaf Philodendron

Philodendron hederaceum

Low

Heartleaf iceplant

Aptenia cordifolia (L.f.) Schwantes

Non-toxic

Hedge bindweed

Calystegia sepium (L.) R.Br. (synonym: Convolvulus sepium L.)

Low

Hercules' Club

Aralia spinosa

Low

Hoary plantain

Plantago media L.

Low

Horse Chestnut

Aesculus glabra

Low

Horseradish

Armoracia rusticana P.Gaertn. & al.; Armoracia lapathifolia Gilib.

Low

Horseshoe pelargonium

Pelargonium zonale (L.) L'Her.

Low

Hound's Tongue

Cynoglossum amabile

Unknown

Hyacinth

Hyacinthus orientalis

Low

Hyssop loosestrife

Lythrum hyssopifolia L.

Low

Inch plant

Tradescantia zebrina hort. ex Bosse; Tradescantia pendula (Schnizl.) D.R. Hunt; Zebrina pendula Schnizl.

Low

Indian Hemp

Apocynum androsaemifolium

Low

Iron Cross Begonia

Begonia masoniana

Low

Ivy-leaf pelargonium

Pelargonium peltatum (L.) L'Her.

Low

Japanese Aralia

Fatsia japonica

Low

Japanese Pittosporum

Pittosporum tobira

Low

Japanese snowball

Viburnum plicatum Thunb.

Moderate

Juneberry

Amelanchier lamarckii F.G.Schroed.

Low

Juniper

Juniperus communis L.s.l.

Moderate

Kangaroo vine

Cissus antarctica Vent.

Low

Kiwifruit

Actinidia chinensis Planch.; Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C.F.Liang & A.R.Ferguson

Low

Lantana

Lantana camara

Low

Large-flower pelargonium

Pelargonium grandiflorum (Andrews) Willd.

Low

Large-leaved lupine

Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl.

Moderate

Leatherleaf viburnum

Viburnum rhytidophyllum Hemsl.

Moderate

Lemon Day-Lily

Hemerocallis lilio-asphodelus L. (syn. Hemerocallis flava L.)

Non-toxic

Lemon Grass

Cymbopogon citratus

Non-toxic

Lobelia

Lobelia cardinalis

Low

Long-leaf Fig

Ficus binnendijkii

Low

Lovage

Levisticum officinale

Non-toxic

Mackay's horsetail

Equisetum x trachyodon A.Braun

Low

Malaysian Dracaena

Dracaena reflexa

Low

Male fern

Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott; Aspidium filix-mas (L.) Sw.; Polypodium filix-mas L.

Moderate

Marble Queen

Scindapsus aureus

Low

Marijuana

Cannabis sativa

Low

Marjoram

Origanum majorana

Non-toxic

Meadow clary

Salvia pratensis L.

Low

Mistletoe

Viscum album L.s.l.

Low

Mistletoe fig

Ficus deltoidea Jack; Ficus diversifolia Blume; Ficus lutescens Desf.

Low

Monk's-rhubarb

Rumex alpinus L.

Low

Mound lily yucca

Yucca gloriosa L.

Low

Mountain Pine

Pinus mugo Turra s.l.

Low

Mugwort

Artemisia vulgaris L.

Low

Mum

Chrysanthemum spp.

Low

Narrow-leafed lupine

Lupinus angustifolius L.

Low

Nordmann fir

Abies nordmanniana (Steven) Spach

Low

Norway spruce

Picea abies (L.) H.Karst. (synonym: Picea excelsa Link)

Low

Onion

Allium cepa

Low

Opium Poppy

Papaver somniferum L.

High

Orange

Citrus sinensis

Non-toxic

Orange daylily

Hemerocallis fulva (L.) L.

Non-toxic

Orange lily

Lilium bulbiferum L.s.l.

Non-toxic

Oregano (Greek Oregano)

Origanum vulgare hirtum

Low

Palm Lily

Cordyline australis

Non-toxic

Parsley

Petroselinum crispum

Non-toxic

Parsnip

Pastinaca sativa L.s.l.; Pastinaca sativa L.s.str.; Pastinaca sativa L. subsp. sativa; Pastinaca sativa subsp. urens (Godr.) Celak.; Pastinaca sativa subsp. sylvestris (Mill.) Rouy & E.G. Camus

Low

Peace Lily

Spathiphyllum

Low

Peacock Flower

Caesalpinia pulcherrima

Low

Pencil Cactus

Euphorbia tirucalli

Low

Perennial ryegrass

Lolium perenne L.

Non-toxic

Pin Oak

Quercus palustris Münchh.

Moderate

Pineapple

Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.

Low

Pink Pearl Begonia

Begonia semperflorens cultivar

Low

Pink bell heather

Erica gracilis J.C.Wendl.

Low

Plantain Lily

Hosta plantaginea

Low

Plum

Prunus domestica

Low

Poinsettia

Euphorbia pulcherrima

Low

Porcelain Berry

Ampelopsis brevipedunculata (Maxim.) Trautv. (synonyms: Ampelopsis glandulosa var. brevipedunculata, Cissus brevipedunculata, Vitis brevipedunculata)

Low

Primrose

Primula vulgaris

Low

Purple Heart

Tradescantia pallida (Rose) D.R.Hunt

Low

Queensland Nut

Macadamia integrifolia

Low

Red clover

Trifolium pratense L.s.l.

Non-toxic

Red pea

Lathyrus cicera L.

Low

Rex Begonia

Begonia rex

Low

Rhubarb

Rheum rhabarbarum L.

Low

Rhynchophorum

Peperomia obtusifolia

Non-toxic

Ribwort Plantain

Plantago lanceolata L.

Low

Rock Moss

Portulaca oleracea

Low

Rough horsetail

Equisetum hyemale L.

Low

Rowan

Sorbus aucuparia L.; Synonym: Pyrus aucuparia (L.) Gaertn.

Low

Rubber fig

Ficus elastica Roxb.

Low

Sabi Star

Adenium obesum

Low

Sacred Bamboo

Nandina domestica

Low

Saffron Crocus

Crocus sativus L.

Moderate

Sage

Salvia officinalis

Low

Sand plantain

Plantago arenaria Waldst. & Kit.

Low

Satin Pothos

Scindapsus pictus

Low

Savin juniper

Juniperus sabina L.

Severe

Schefflera

Schefflera

Low

Scots pine

Pinus sylvestris L.

Low

Seven Bark

Hydrangea arborescens

Low

Sheep sorrel

Rumex acetosella L.s.L

Low

Showy stonecrop

Hylotelephium spectabile (Boreau) H.Ohba; Sedum spectabile Boreau

Low

Shrubby plantain

Plantago sempervirens Crantz

Low

Sierra Leone Lily

Chlorophytum orchidastrum Lindl.; Chlorophytum seretii De Wild.

Low

Silver Jade Plant

Crassula arborescens

Low

Snake Plant

Sansevieria trifasciata

Low

Snowy Mespilus (Serviceberry)

Amelanchier ovalis Medik.; Aronia rotundifolia Pers.

Low

Sorrel

Rumex scutatus

Low

Southern blue gum

Eucalyptus globulus Labill.

Low

Split Leaf Philodendron

Philodendron bipennifolium

Low

Sprengeri Fern

Asparagus densiflorus cv sprengeri

Low

St. John’s Wort

Hypericum perforatum

Low

Star of Bethlehem

Ornithogalum umbellatum L.

Moderate

Straight-Margined Dracaena

Dracaena marginata

Low

Swamp Maple

Acer rubrum

Non-toxic

Sweet Cherry

Prunus avium

Low

Sweet Pea

Lathyrus latifolius

Low

Sweet Pea

Lathyrus odoratus L.

Low

Swiss Cheese Plant

Monstera deliciosa

Moderate

Swiss pine

Pinus cembra L.

Low

Tarragon

Artemisia dracunculus

Non-toxic

Texas Umbrella Tree

Melia azedarach

Low

Ti-Plant

Cordyline terminalis

Low

Tomato

Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., Solanum lycopersicum L.

Low

Tree Philodendron

Philodendron selloum

Low

Tree ivy

Fatshedera lizei (hort. ex Cochet) Guillaumin, syn. Aralia lizei hort. ex Cochet

Low

Tropical milkweed

Asclepias curassavica L. (syn. Asclepias nivea L. var. curassavica (L.) Kuntze)

Low

True Aloe

Aloe barbadensis

Low

True Rose of Jericho

Anastatica hierochuntica L.

Low

Tuberous begonia

Begonia x tuberhybrida Voss, Begonia tuberosa hort.

Low

Tuberous pea

Lathyrus tuberosus L.

Low

Variegated Philodendron

Scindapsus, Philodendron spp

Low

Vervain

Verbena officinalis L.

Low

Viper's Bugloss

Echium plantagineum

Low

Virginia Creeper

Parthenocissus inserta (A.Kern.) Fritsch

Low

Virginia creeper

Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch.; Parthenocissus pubescens (Schlt.) Graebn.

Low

Wahoo

Euonymus occidentalis

Low

Wandering Jew

Tradescantia fluminensis Vell.; Tradescantia albiflora Kunth

Low

Warneckei Dracaena

Dracaena deremensis

Low

Water horsetail

Equisetum fluviatile L.; Equisetum limosum L.

Low

Watercress

Nasturtium officinale

Low

Wax Plant

Hoya linearis Wall. ex D.Don

Low

Wax-Leaf

Ligustrum japonicum

Low

Wayfaring tree

Viburnum lantana L.

Moderate

Weeping Fig

Ficus benjamina

Low

Weeping Fig

Ficus sp.

Low

Western Yew

Taxus brevifolia

Low

Western swordfern

Polystichum munitum (Kaulf.) C.Presl

Low

White Sweet Clover

Melilotus albus Medik.

Low

White clover

Trifolium repens L.s.l.

Non-toxic

White lupine

Lupinus albus L. (syn. Lupinus sativus Gaertn.)

Moderate

Wild Carnation

Dianthus caryophyllus

Non-toxic

Wild Coffee

Polyscias guilfoylei

Low

Wild Radish

Raphanus raphanistrum

Low

Wild cabbage, Kale

Brassica oleracea L.

Low

Wild pansy

Viola tricolor aggr.; Viola tricolor L.; Viola saxatilis F.W.Schmidt; Viola alpestris (DC.) Jord; Viola arvensis Murray; Viola kitaibeliana Schult.

Moderate

Winterberry

Ilex opaca

Low

Wood sorrel

Oxalis acetosella L.

Moderate

Woodland crocus

Crocus tommasinianus Herb.

Moderate

Yarrow

Achillea millefolium

Non-toxic

Yellow Pine

Pinus ponderosa

Low

Yellow lupin

Lupinus luteus L.

Low

Yellow rattle

Rhinanthus minor L., Rhinanthus crista-galli L.

Low

Yellowrocket

Barbarea vulgaris

Non-toxic

Yucca

Yucca spp.

Low

Alocasia

Alocasia spp.

Low

Amazon Jungle Vine

Cissus amazonica Linden

Low

Ambrosia Mexicana

Chenopodium botrys

Low

American Mistletoe

Phoradendron flavescens

Low

Apple

Malus sylvestrus

Low

Asian Lily

Lilium asiatica

Low

Begonia

Begonia spp.

Low

Bird of Paradise

Caesalpinia gilliesii

Low

Birdsville indigo

Indigofera linnaei Ali

Non-toxic

Bitter willow

Salix elaeagnos Scop.

Low

Black Pine

Pinus nigra J.F.Arnold

Low

Black mustard

Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J.Koch

Low

Blue passionflower

Passiflora caerulea L.

Non-toxic

Bog Laurel

Kalmia poliifolia

Low

Borage

Borage officinalis

Low

Boxwood

Buxus spp.

Low

Branched horsetail

Equisetum ramosissimum Desf.

Low

Brazilwood

Poinciana gilliesii

Low

Buckeye

Aesculus spp

Low

Buckwheat

Fagopyrum spp.

Non-toxic

Buttercup

Ranunculus spp.

Low

Calamondin Orange

Citrus mitis

Low

Cherry

Prunus spp.

Low

Chinese Cassia / Chinese Cinnamon

Cinnamomum aromaticum Nees, Cinnamomum cassia (L.) D. Don

Non-toxic

Chinese rhubarb

Rheum officinale Baill.

Low

Chinese rhubarb

Rheum palmatum L., Rheum potaninii Losinsk., Rheum qinlingense Y.K.Yang, J.K.Wu & D.K.Zhang, Rheum tanguticum (Maxim. ex Regel) Maxim. ex Balf., Rheum officinale Baill.

Low

Clematis

Clematis spp.

Low

Clivia Lily

Clivia spp.

Low

Common Bamboo

Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex J.C.Wendl.; Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex J.C.Wendl. var. vittata Riviere

Moderate

Common Marsh Marigold

Caltha palustris L.

Moderate

Copperleaf

Acalypha godseffiana

Low

Cordatum

Philodendron oxycardium

Low

Corn buttercup

Ranunculus arvensis L.

Low

Crack willow

Salix fragilis L.

Low

Creeping buttercup

Ranunculus repens L.

Low

Creeping indigo

Indigofera spicata Forssk.

Non-toxic

Crown Vetch

Securigera varia (L.) Lassen (syn. Coronilla varia L.)

Moderate

Dahlia

Dahlia species

Non-toxic

Daisy

Chrysanthemum species

Low

Dill

Anethum graveolena

Low

Dock

Rumex sp.

Low

Dogbane Hemp

Apocynum spp.

Low

Doveweed

Murdannia nudiflora (L.) Brenan

Low

Downy lady's mantle

Alchemilla hybrida aggr., Alchemilla pubescens Lam., Alchemilla glaucescens Wallr.

Non-toxic

Eastern Star

Dianthus spp.

Non-toxic

Elephant-Ear Begonia

Begonia scharfii

Low

Epazote

Chenopodium ambrosioides

Low

Erect clematis

Clematis recta L.

Moderate

Eucalyptus

Eucalyptus species

Low

European eyebright

Euphrasia stricta J.F.Lehm, Euphrasia ericetorum Jord.

Low

Eyebright

Euphrasia rostkoviana Hayne s.l.; Euphrasia officinalis L.

Low

False dayflower

Tinantia anomala (Torr.) C.B.Clarke

Low

Fetter Bush

Leucothoe spp.

Low

Fetterbush

Lyonia spp.

Low

Flat pea

Lathyrus sylvestris L.

Low

Garden Angelica

Angelica archangelica L., Angelica officinalis Hoffm.

Moderate

Geranium

Pelargonium species

Low

Gladiola

Gladiolus species

Low

Grape Ivy

Cissus alata Jacq., Cissus rhombifolia Vahl, Vitis rhombifolia (Vahl) Baker

Low

Grapefruit

Citrus paradisii

Low

Great horsetail

Equisetum telmateia Ehrh., Equisetum maximum auct.

Low

Great spearwort

Ranunculus lingua L.

Low

Greater Ammi

Ammi majus

Low

Greek Sage

Salvia triloba L.; Salvia fruticosa Mill.

Low

Hairy buttercup

Ranunculus sardous Crantz, Ranunculus philonotis Retz

Low

Hairy indigo

Indigofera hirsuta L.

Unknown

Hard shield-fern

Polystichum aculeatum (L.) Roth

Low

Hawaiian Ti

Giant Dracaena

Low

Hosta

Hosta plataginea

Low

Imperforate St. John's-wort

Hypericum maculatum Crantz s.l.

Low

Indian Mustard (White/Black/Yellow Variants)

Brassica species

Low

Indigofera lespedezioides

Indigofera lespedezioides Kunth, Indigofera pascuorum Benth.

Non-toxic

Jade Plant

Crassula argentea

Non-toxic

Japanese Holly Fern

Cyrtomium fortunei J.Sm.

Low

Jerusalem Oak

Ambrosia mexicana

Low

Jonquil

Narcissus jonquilla

Low

Kaffir Lily

Clivia minata

Low

Kalanchoe

Kalanchoe spp

Low

Kava

Piper methysticum G.Forst.

Low

Kidney-leaved pelargonium

Pelargonium reniforme Curtis

Low

Lady's eardrops

Fuchsia regia (Vell.) Munz

Low

Lambkill

Kalmia augustifolia

Low

Lavender

Lavendula angustifolia

Non-toxic

Leaden entoloma

Entoloma sinuatum (Pers.) P.Kumm.

Moderate

Lemon

Citrus limonia

Low

Lemon Verbena

Aloysia triphylla

Non-toxic

Lesser celandine

Ranunculus ficaria L.; Ficaria verna Huds.

Low

Licorice

Glycyrrhiza glabra L.

Low

Lime

Citrus aurantifolia

Low

Locust

Robinia spp.

Low

Male Peony

Paeonia mascula (L.) Mill.; Paeonia corallina Retz.

Low

Mapleleaf Begonia

Begonia cleopatra

Low

Marsh horsetail

Equisetum palustre L.

Low

Marsh ragwort

Senecio aquaticus Hill

Moderate

Meadow horsetail

Equisetum pratense Ehrh.

Low

Metallic Leaf Begonia

Begonia metallica

Low

Mexican shrimp plant

Justicia brandegeeana Wassh. & L.B.Sm.

Low

Mint

Mentha sp.

Low

Morning Glory

Ipomoea spp

Low

Mother-In-Law Plant

Kalanchoe tubiflora

Low

Naked Lady

Amaryllis spp.

Low

New York aster

Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (L.) G.L.Nesom (syn. Aster novi-belgii L.)

Non-toxic

Octopus Tree

Schefflera or Brassia actinoplylla

Low

Orange ice plant

Lampranthus aurantiacus (DC.) Schwantes

Low

Pale Laurel

Kalmia polifolia

Low

Patience Dock

Rumex patentia L.

Low

Peony

Paeonis officinalis

Non-toxic

Philodendron Pertusum

Philodendron spp

Low

Pink spur flower

Plectranthus fruticosus L'Her.

Non-toxic

Poinciana

Caesalpinia gilliessi

Low

Ragwort

Senecio species

Low

Rapeseed

Brassica napus L.

Low

Rattle

Rhinanthus antiquus (Sterneck) Schinz & Thell.

Low

Rattle

Rhinanthus glacialis Personnat

Low

Red Berried Greenbrier

Smilax walteria

Low

Ridderstjerne

Hippeastrum spp.

Low

Roman Chamomile

Anthemis nobilis

Low

Rosemary grevillea

Grevillea rosmarinifolia A.Cunn.

Low

Scented Geranium

Pelargonium sp.

Low

Sessile oak

Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.

Moderate

Shamrock Plant

Oxalis spp.

Low

Showy Daisy

Erigeron speciosus

Non-toxic

Skunk Cabbage

Symplocarpus foetidus

Low

South African geranium

Pelargonium sidoides DC.; Geranium sidaefolium Thunb.; Pelargonium sidaefolium (Thunb.) R.Knuth

Non-toxic

Sowbread

Cyclamen spp

Low

Spindle Tree

Euonymus atropurpurea

Low

Spring Parsley

Cymopterus watsonii

Low

St. Peter's Wort

Hypericum tetrapterum Fr. (syn. Hypericum acutum Moench)

Low

Staggerbush

Lyonia sp.

Low

Stinking Chamomile

Anthemis cotula

Low

Tahitian Bridal Veil

Tradescantia multiflora

Low

Tail Flower

Anthurium scherzeranum

Low

Tall fescue

Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.

Non-toxic

Tall yellow sweetclover

Melilotus altissimus Thuill.

Low

Tinnevelly senna

Senna alexandrina Mill. (syn. Cassia angustifolia Vahl)

Low

Tulip

Tulipa spp.

Low

Turkey Oak

Quercus cerris L.

Low

Umbrella Tree

Brassaia actinophylla

Low

Variegated Laurel

Tradescantia flumeninsis

Low

Variegated horsetail

Equisetum variegatum Schleich.

Low

Vinca

Vinca rosea

Low

Viper's Bugloss

Echium vulgare

Low

Virgin's Bower

Clematis sp.

Low

Water Flag

Iris species

Low

Wax Plant

Hoya lanceolata Wall. ex D.Don subsp. bella (Hook.) D.H.Kent

Low

White Heads

Sphenosciadium capitellatum

Low

Wild Calla

Arum palestinum

Moderate

Wild angelica

Angelica sylvestris L.

Moderate

Winter heath

Erica carnea L.; Erica herbacea L.; Erica mediterranea L.

Low

Wisteria

Wisteria spp.

Low

Withered Snapdragon

Anthirrhinum multiflorum

Non-toxic

Wood horsetail

Equisetum sylvaticum L.

Low

Yellow Sweet Clover

Melilotus officinalis Lam., Melilotus arvensis Wallr.

Low

Yellow iris

Iris pseudacorus L.

Moderate

Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow

Brunfelsia species

Low